"Here we find, in a clinical cohort of at-risk infants, broad spectrum antibiotic treatment, including cephalosporins, increased the risk of late-onset sepsis in neonates in comparison to penicillin base treatments"
#Preprint #Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.23295031v1

'Although infection and these translocated effector proteins are restricted to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), type I dendritic cells (cDC1) were required to generate CD8+ T cell responses to these model antigens.'

#Preprint #Immunology #HostPathogen #MucosalImmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553566v1

"Patients with Crohn’s disease have increased levels of anti-S. cerevisiae antibodies (which detect mannan, a common component of the fungal cell wall. Measurement of these antibodies can be used to distinguish between Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis"
#Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-023-00816-w?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

'In conclusion, mitochondrial perturbation of the epithelium causes dysbiotic expansion of Bacteroides spp., supporting the concept that microbe-host cross-talk contributes to metabolic injury in intestinal inflammation.'

#Preprint #HostPathogen #metabolism #Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.549844v1

'We show here that lipid-mediated engagement of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with enterochromaffin (EC) cells, a subset of intestinal epithelial cells, promoted peripheral serotonin (5-HT) release via a CD1d-dependent manner, regulating gut motility and hemostasis.'

#Immunology #MucosalImmunology #Neuroimmunology

https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(23)00236-4

“Overall, this paper shows for the first time a unique population of macrophages that emerges specifically during lactation and is of interest to immunologists, particularly macrophage biologists."

#Immunology #Macrophage #MucosalImmunology

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01531-z

'Here, we aimed to understand how closely related strains with overlapping metabolic capacities can co-bloom (i.e., both strains reaching high densities) in the mammalian gut and how this promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids.'

#HostPathogen #microbiology #mucosalimmunology

https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(23)00222-6

There's more to gasdermin than just proptosis.

'Our study supports that differential cleavage of GSDMD can be understood as a regulatory hub controlling immunity versus tolerance in the small intestine.'
#Immunology #mucosalimmunology

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00577-9

Molecular atlas for Crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis in patients receiving anti-TNF.

'We describe a therapeutic atlas for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. We generated ~1 million single-cell transcriptomes, organised into 109 cell states, from 216 gut biopsies from 38 patients and three controls, revealing disease- and therapy-specific differences.'

#Preprint #IBD #ulcerativecolitis #crohnsdisease #immunology #TNF #immunotherapy #mucosalimmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539635v1

"However, T cell responses to dietary antigen have primarily been characterized using monoclonal T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic systems which do not represent a physiological immune response. Polyclonal CD4+ T cell responses to food, including TCR-specific selection and functional differentiation, remain largely uncharacterized and are critical for understanding mechanisms of tolerance and allergy."
Lockhart, @mucida et al

#Preprint #Immunology #OralTolerance #MucosalImmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536475v1

A new preprint from Ainsley Lockhart & @mucida has, as the cool kids say, just dropped:

"Dietary protein shapes the profile and repertoire of intestinal CD4+ T cells"
#immunology #MucosalImmunology #preprint

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536475v1?med=mas

" Treatment of nasal cultures with type 2 cytokine IL-13 to mimic asthmatic airways differentially impacts HCoV receptor availability as well as replication. MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 expression increases with IL-13 treatment, whereas ACE2, the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63, is down-regulated. IL-13 treatment enhances MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E replication but reduces that of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63, reflecting the impact of IL-13 on HCoV receptor availability."

#immunology #MucosalImmunology #Coronavirus

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2218083120

Oh hey IgA ...Very interested to see what @ImmunoFever @JenGommerman @SalmaSheikhM_ @toxicWeeCell and @awyllie13 think about this one... doesn't look like secretory component/secretory chain was teased out #MucosalImmunology #IgA https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-37368-1
---
RT @ahandvanish
New paper on CD8+ T cells in #LongCovid that is way over my head; anyone have a simple explanation?

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41…
https://twitter.com/ahandvanish/status/1643006628189425664

"A potential mechanism for the failure of oral vaccines is the local outgrowth of RORγt+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the small intestine that limits mucosal inflammation and immune reactivity but not systemic immune responses, since systemic infection is most dangerous to the host."

#Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(23)00087-0?rss=yes&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

'Here, we show that in a mouse model of MS, T cell-specific Ahrknockout leads to recovery driven by a decrease in T cell fitness. At the mechanistic level, we demonstrate that the absence of AHR changes the gut microenvironment composition to generate metabolites that impact T cell viability, such as bile salts and short chain fatty acids.'

#Immunology #MucosalImmunology

Merchak et al @PLOSBiology

https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002000

Find all the reviews from our Microbial IMPACTT review series with Mucosal Immunology in one convenient place: https://www.mucosalimmunology.org/microbial-impactt

#review #immunology #microbiome #mucosalimmunology #germfree #IBD #wildmicrobiome #microbiota #metabolomics #power #samplesize #metabolites

"Here, we demonstrate the induction of both systemic and mucosal antibody responses against HuNoV in suckling mice using recombinant Rhesus rotaviruss expressing HuNoV VP1 or P domain."
#MucosalImmunology #Immunology #rotavirus

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2214421120

"We wanted to understand how goblet cells control the amount of mucus they secrete and why autophagy is needed for proper goblet cell function. Here, we show that autophagy relieves ER stress in goblet cells to facilitate mucus secretion."

#Immunology #MucosalImmunology #GobletCells #autophagy

https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(23)00031-8

@cyrilpedia
These papers are so important. Fabulous resource, especially given the challenges of getting these samples and costs of the single cell sequencing #crohnsdisease #immunology #IMMastodon #mucosalimmunology

"To characterize cell-type-specific transcriptional heterogeneity in active Crohn’s disease, we profiled 720,633 cells from the terminal ileum and colon of 71 donors with varying inflammation status."

#Immunology #MucosalImmunology #crohnsdisease

https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(23)00012-2