A classic on #AL and #AI from #HHPattee written back in 1995 when polymer folding was still a computationally intractable problem😀.
Still, his thoughts are as powerful as ever.

“Artificial Life Needs a Real Epistemology”

https://www.academia.edu/3075569/Artificial_Life_Needs_a_Real_Epistemology

@Inquiry @Harishjosev

Yes, another version of #CSPeirce’s triad is #WRAshby’s distinction between #Machine (object, observed phenomenon), #System (a finite set of variables and their relationships selected by the #Observer), and the #Model created by the observer to describe or/and #Control the machine.

However, I was speaking about the different phenomena (machines) and their controllability.
Mere #Physical (static or dynamic) #Structures driven by known (discoverable, invariant) #NaturalLaws as opposed to emergent #DynamicalSystems that are under the influence of arbitrary, local #Rules as explained by #HHPattee.

#HHPattee
“#HierarchyTheory: The challenge of complex systems” - Published back in 1973, but many people still struggle to understand it.

It affects everything, from the #OriginofLife to #Democracy, #Control, #FreeWill …
This matter is so fundamental that it should be taught in schools as part of a standard high school curriculum, along with physics, chemistry, and biology.

https://www.academia.edu/863851/Hierarchy_theory_The_challenge_of_complex_systems