Next is Melanie Samuel from BCM
https://thesamuellab.org/

Molecular regulation of #immune cell #plasticity and function in the #brain

"Our brain is the ultimate time machine" 🙂

How to target #synapses (for intervention) while preserving them (to avoid "turning back the clock"

Possibility that #microglia could be harnessed

partnered with IMPC (impc.org) to find microglia regulators in retina
one cool hit: SIRPα
it's NOT involved in #phagocytosis... surprise

#CSSingleCells23

1/2

'One may even speculate that there might be individual microglial populations that are specialized to deal with the different pathological challenges of AD. Thus, microglial activation is an integral component of the amyloid cascade and not just an alternate disease-causing pathway unrelated to amyloid-driven events.'
#immunology #Neuroimmunology #alzheimers #Microglia

https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001694

'For example, loss of function of the microglial gene Trem2 renders microglia dysfunctional and causes an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome, and Trem2 variants are among the strongest genetic risk factors for AD. Thus, restoring microglial function represents a rational therapeutic approach. Here, we show that systemic hematopoietic cell transplantation followed by enhancement of microglia replacement restores microglial function in a Trem2 mutant mouse model of AD.'

#Alzheimer #NeurodegenerativeDisease #Microglia #Neuroimmunology

https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(23)00251-5#%20

#Microglia play a dual role in #stroke depending on their pro- vs anti-inflammatory polarization. Yao Yao explores a #PLOSBiology study showing how the TF NR4A1 negatively regulates TNF expression in microglia. Paper: https://plos.io/3Q4w4n8 Primer: https://plos.io/43JAq6m

"In this article, we show that HIV-infected human microglia express increased levels of TREM1 and are resistant to HIV-induced apoptosis. Moreover, upon genetic inhibition of TREM1, HIV-infected microglia undergo cell death in the absence of increased viral or proinflammatory cytokine expression or the targeting of uninfected cells."

#Infection #Immunity #Virology #HIV #Microglia

https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/doi/10.4049/jimmunol.2300152/265707/HIV-1-Tat-Upregulates-TREM1-Expression-in-Human

Interesting addition to the toolbox, if you're working on #microglia:

"We generated a constitutive Cre line controlled by the microglia signature gene Crybb1 that produced nearly complete recombination in embryonic brain macrophages (microglia and border-associated macrophages [BAMs]) by the perinatal period, with limited recombination in peripheral myeloid cells."

https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(23)00040-7

IL6 is not always the bad guy.

"In the penumbrae of human stroke brain lesions, we identified a subpopulation of microglia that express vascular endothelial growth factor A. These cells, termed ‘repair-associated microglia’ (RAMs), were also observed in a rodent model of CVI and coexpressed interleukin (IL)-6Ra. Cerebrovascular repair did not occur in IL-6 knockouts or in mice lacking microglial IL-6Ra expression"
#Immunology #Inflammation #Microglia #Neuroimmunology

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01521-1

#alzheimers #Astrocytes #Microglia
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02380-x

Microglia enable cross-modal plasticity by removing inhibitory synapses (in mice) https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(23)00394-7 "Visual deprivation increases visual cortex (V2L) excitability during whisker stimulation", "Microglia phagocytose local inhibitory synapses to unmask cross-modal plasticity" #microglia #crossmodal #plasticity #neuroscience

@eLife

Nice video of neuronal activity!

"Microglial motility is modulated by neuronal activity and correlates with dendritic spine plasticity in the hippocampus of awake mice"
Nebeling et al. 2023 https://elifesciences.org/articles/83176

Editor evaluation: "This work provides insights into the use of anesthetics in measuring cellular dynamics, regional differences in plasticity, and neuronal activity regulation of microglia dynamics. It is an important contribution to understanding hippocampal microglia plasticity in adulthood."

#neuroscience #microglia #neurons #mouse #hippocampus

#paper for #microglia #experts In situ Patch-seq analysis of microglia reveals a lack of stress genes as found in FACS-isolated microglia https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533782v1

RT @sadagurski
@sadagurski's lab is HIRING!! We are looking for a talented #postdoc interested in the hypothalamic regulation of metabolism, and #microglia #astrocytes biology! We have some exciting new #NIH funded #coolprojects and we'd love a new, enthusiastic team member! If interested DM me

Trying the switch. Our lab loves #neuroimmune signaling, #microglia and all things #neuroscience and #immunology

Really provocative new study on #myelin changes in normal appearing white matter in #multiplesclerosis with increased #microglia activation and perivascular #Tcell accumulation

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.26585#.Y6yCz_Ef-EM.twitter

A recent paper by Tim Hammond's team at Sanofi showed that #microglia in the #brain undergo #ferroptosis and drive #neurodegeneration, such as #Parkinson's and #ALS. Here are my thoughts on why this is exciting. https://brentstockwell.medium.com/ferroptosis-of-microglia-drives-neurodegeneration-8046b6dbaa91

We found novel microglia subtypes induced by the combination of Aβ and tau pathologies in a disease stage-specific manner in Alzheimer's disease. Hot off the press! #Alzheimers #microglia #siglec #tau #neuropathology

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-022-00589-x

Working with #microglia for #FluorescenceFriday today. They can be fiendishly tricky to segment given their highly variable morphology and long cell extensions.

Working with #microglia for #FluorescenceFriday today. They can be fiendishly tricky to segment given their highly variable morphology and long cell extensions.

New in @genomeresearch: Mosaic loss of #Chromosome Y (LOY) was enriched in #microglia cells, increased with age, and was elevated in #Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease donors.🧠 Free #openaccess article here: http://ow.ly/JSc250LZzlX #

#Microglia jointly degrade fibrillar α-Synuclein cargo by distribution through #TunnelingNanoTube

#TunnelingNanoTube-mediated social behaviors of Microglia

Microglia take α-Synuclein from & send Mitochondria to overloaded neighbors

Dr, Michael Heneka lab @cellcellpress@twtr.plus2021
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)01054-0