Today in Labor History June 1, 1873: Captain Jack (Kintpuash), who led a band of 52 Modoc warriors against the U.S. army near Tule Lake, California, finally surrendered to U.S. troops. The fight was part of the Modoc Wars, in which the Modoc tribe (southern Oregon and Northern California) resisted domination by the U.S. Captain Jack had led the most expensive Indian War in US history. They were highly successful, too, until the U.S. brought in significant reinforcements, encircled them, starved them out, and many of Captain Jack’s own warriors joined with the U.S. forces to help capture him. It was also the only time Indigenous Americans killed a U.S. general. For decades, Kintpuash’s head was displayed in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C.

#WorkingClass #LaborHistory #indigenous #NativeAmerican #CaptainJack #Modoc #IndianWars #kintpuash #genocide #TuleLake

Today in Labor History January 17, 1873: A group of Modoc warriors defeated the U.S. Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold. The battle was part of the Modoc War. Captain Jack (Kintpuash) led the Modocs. The Lava Beds near Tule Lake were a natural fortress, with hundreds of caves and tunnels that were well-known to the Modocs. There was a dense fog. The soldiers couldn’t see, yet they proceeded anyway. Modoc sharpshooters hid in crevasses and picked off U.S. soldiers, one by one. In all, the Modocs killed thirty-five U.S. soldiers. And the army killed two Modoc squaws and two of their children. Eventually, the army brought in more troops and surrounded the Modoc camp. But Captain Jack snuck everyone out through secrets tunnels. The army pursued them for months and finally captured them. They hanged Captain Jack and donated his head to the Army Medical Museum in Washington. They later transferred it to the Smithsonian, where it remained until 1984.

#Modoc #indigenous #genocide #nativeamerican #army #smithsonian

I pezzenti di Capitan Jack https://www.carmillaonline.com/2022/08/07/i-pezzenti-di-capitan-jack/ #OlocaustodeiNativiAmericani #nativinord-americani #nativinordamericani #nativiamericani #Cinemawestern #Interventi #Modoc