Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Over" comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁uper- [hʉpeɾ] (the
comparative form of *h₁upo “up”), something like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/over-from-PIE-huper.wav

*h₁uper- also developed into Sanskrit उपरि upari:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-huper-to-Sanskrit-upari.wav

and Persian ابر abar:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-huper-to-Persian-abar.wav

as well as Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hyper) and Latin super.

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #Proto-Indo-European #Sanskrit #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Mother" descends from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂tḗr [maté:r], earlier [meħté:r], something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/mother-from-PIE-meh2ter.wav

*meh₂tḗr also developed into Persian مادر modar:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-meh2ter-to-Persian-modar.wav
and related forms in most if not all other Indo-European languages.

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian

"Moth" descends from Proto-Indo-European *mot-, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/moth-from-PIE-mot.wav

"Maggot" also descends (via maddock, maðek) from the same stem:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/maggot-from-PIE-mot.wav

*mot- also developed into Belarusian мотыль matil “butterfly”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-mot-to-Belarusian-matylj.wav

and Persian ملخ malakh “locust, grasshopper”, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-mot-to-Persian-malax.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Belarusian #Persian

CW: picture of a grasshopper

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Moon" descends from Proto-Indo-European *méh₁nos [me:nos], something like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/moon-from-PIE-meh1nos.wav

The same root also descended into Persian ماه mah:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-meh1nos-to-Persian-mah.wav

The final [h] is most likely descended from the Proto-Indo-European word-final *s, not the medial *h₁.

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Mist" descends from Proto-Indo-European *h₃migʰ- [ŏmigʱ], something like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/mist-from-PIE-h3migh.wav

The same root also descended into Persian مه meh:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h3migh-to-Persian-meh.wav

The suffixed form *h₃migʰ-leh₂ [ŏmigʱlɐ:] developed into Modern Greek ομίχλη omikhli:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-h3migh-to-ModernGreek-omixli.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Greek

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Mingle" descends from Proto-Indo-European *monk-, a derived form of *menk-, something like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/mingle-from-PIE-menk.wav

*menk- also descended into Persian آمیختن amekhtan “mix, mingle, blend, couple”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Persian-amekhtan.wav

to Sanskrit मचते machate “to be arrogant”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Sanskrit-macate.wav

and to Bosnian mek “soft”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Bosnian-mek.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Sanskrit #Bosnian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Mingle" descends from Proto-Indo-European *monk-, a derived form of *menk-, something like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/mingle-from-PIE-menk.wav

*menk- also descended into Persian آمیختن amekhtan “mix, mingle, blend, couple”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Persian-amekhtan.wav

to Sanskrit मचते machate “to be arrogant”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Sanskrit-macate.wav

and to Bosnian “soft”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Bosnian-mek.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Sanskrit #Bosnian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Mingle" descends from Proto-Indo-European *monk-, a derived form of *menk-, something like this (listen):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/mingle-from-PIE-menk.wav

*menk- also descended into Persian آمیختن amekhtan “mix, mingle, blend, couple”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Persian-amekhtan.wav

to Sanskrit मचते machate “to be arrogant”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Sanskrit-macate.wav

and to Bosnian “soft”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-menk-to-Bosnian-mek.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Sanskrit #Bosnian

"Meal", meaning ground food, descends from Proto-Indo-European *melh₁-uo- [meləwɔ], something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/meal-from-PIE-melh1uo.wav

The stem *melh₁- "grind, rub" also descended into Persian مالیدن malidan “rub”, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-melh1-to-Persian-malidan.wav
and Urdu ملنا malna “rubbing”
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-melh1-to-Urdu-malna.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Urdu

RT @RiedelDagmar
#Bahari2022 project @bodleiancsb "Early British Collectors & the MS Trade in India and #Iran before the 1820s: The #Persian Collections of the Ouseley Brothers" https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/islamicbooks/2023/02/27/ouseley-1/ @HLaehnemann @Jake___Benson @jhoover04 @RareBookLibAntw @SHARPorgNews @suz_paul @Paul_Babinski

Audio Etymologies of the Day

The Persian word for border, marz ( مرز ), comes from Proto-Indo-European *morǵ-eh₂, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-morgeh2-to-Persian-marz.wav

The somewhat archaic English word "march", meaning "frontier region", as in "the Welsh Marches" and the name of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, comes from same root *morǵ-eh₂:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/march-from-PIE-morgeh2.wav

Image source: https://farsi.alarabiya.net/international/2019/02/25/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian

Today is Nowruz, the Persian New Year festival at the Spring Equinox. "Nowruz" means "new light"; "now" comes from Proto-Indo-European *neu-io, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-neuio-to-Persian-noo.wav

And روز "ruz" descends from Proto-Indo-European *leuk- [lɘʊk]:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-leuk-to-Tajik-ruz.wav

English "new" and "light" are from the same roots *neu-io and *leuk-
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/new-from-PIE-neuio.wav
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/light-from-PIE-leuk.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Nowruz

#Nowruz festivities begin

For those wanting to know what #Nowruz is... it's the #Persian #NewYear. As spring begins, it brings about the beginning of life, thus long story explanation short Spring Equinox is the Persian New Year known as #Nowruz.

Here's to you

#NowruzMubarak

#NowruzFelicitations

Audio Etymologies of the Day

English long is related to Modern Persian دراز deraz. "Long" comes from Proto-Indo-European *dlonǵʰ- something like this (I ignore the final ʰ):
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/long-from-PIE-dlong.wav

*dlonǵʰ- developed into Persian دراز deraz, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-dlong-to-Pers-deraz.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

Through a series of changes, "loan" descends from Proto-Indo-European *loikʷ-:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/loan-from-PIE-loikw.wav

*loikʷ- was a form of *leikʷ-, "leave":
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-loikw-from-leikw.wav

*leikʷ- also developed into Persian ریختن rikhtan “pour, spill, sprinkle”:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-leikw-to-Persian-rikhtan.wav

So, "loan" and "rikhtan" don't sound much alike and have quite different meanings, but are cognates even so!

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Lip" comes from Proto-Indo-European *leb-, something like this:

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/lip-from-PIE-leb.wav

*leb also developed into Persian لب lab, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-leb-to-Persian-lab.wav

The phonetics term "labial" is also from the same root, via Latin labium.

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian #Latin

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Lick" comes from Proto-Indo-European *liǵʰ-, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/lick-from-PIE-ligh.wav

(The aspiration at the end of this simulation is voiceless [ʰ] not breathy-voiced [ʱ].)

This root also developed into Persian لیس lis, something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-ligh-to-Persian-lis.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Lend" comes from Proto-Indo-European *leikʷ, meaning "to leave", something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/lend-from-PIE-leikw.wav

This root also developed into Persian ریختن rikhtan, with change in meaning (“pour, spill, sprinkle”) something like this:
🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-leikw-to-Persian-rikhtan.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Persian

Audio Etymologies of the Day

English "knee" comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneu- [g̟nəo], something like this:

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/knee-from-PIE-gneo.wav

A related form of the same root, *ǵonu-, developed into Sanskrit जानु jaanu, Persian and Urdu زانو zanu, something like this:

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-gonu-to-Urdu-zanu.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Sanskrit #Persian #Urdu

Audio Etymologies of the Day

English "kin" and "kind" (=sort) come from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- [g̟ʲenə], something like this:

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/kin-from-PIE-genh1.wav

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/kind-from-PIE-genh1.wav

The same root developed into Sanskrit जनति janati and Persian زادن‎ zadan (both meaning “give birth”) something like this:

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-genh1-to-Sanskrit-janati.wav

🔈http://www.ancientsounds.net/eastern-origins/PIE-genh1-to-Persian-zadan.wav

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Sanskrit #Persian