@qrper Well, if you're genuinely a S9 to someone at 100 W, then you'll be a what, S4 at that same receiver location putting out 100 mW instead? (Assuming 6 dB per S step, which I recall from somewhere being the proper calibrated scale that nobody uses...) Yes, that's a nontrivial difference, but there's also still a nontrivial chance of your signal being above the noise floor at S4. With a narrow-band mode, no real sweat. #QRP #QRPP #AmateurRadio