又看笑了。。美国对不民主的阿拉伯国家过于友好难道不是为了保证稳定的石油来源吗……这个作者搞得好像美国超级benevolent一样。还说西方国家不需要be taught to proceed with caution - 关于在其他地方做国家建设不仅仅是要帮忙举办选举，也要推进其他政治社会体制的建设。看看小布什政府把伊拉克和中东搞成啥样了…不过这篇论文是伊拉克战争五年前发表的…只能说美国人是一贯的对美国和其他西方国家超级自信 #TextNotes

“Authoritarianism (either in a nationalist socialist or conservative religious form) worked like a form of protection for the world oil market. Many Western governments have sided with stability and the status quo, and turned a blind eye to local regimes’ democracy deficit as long as the flow of oil is unhindered and prices remain stable. ” #TextNotes

:0530:

However, according to what the old local people recall, since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and a series of political movements, namely ‘destroying the four olds’ (chusijiu), the ‘Great Leap Forward’ (dayuejin), and the ‘Cultural Revolution’ in the 1950s and 1960s, the 1000-year-old stele in the Buddhist temple was damaged and all Buddhist scriptures and manuscripts recording the history of Bulang in Mangjing were burned down. All the religious activities and ritual worship of the ancestors were discontinued. The Bulang people were forced to abandon their ethnic attire; put on the blue jacket, black pants, and cap of the Han Chinese; and learn Han culture. Political trauma rendered Bulang as a ‘people without history’, which clearly put them in a disadvantaged position in terms of progress and social development.

doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2159324

#TextNotes

...Danielle Juteau, who explored the concept of ethnicity and its
boundaries and argued that the ethnicity construction is neither a genetic heredity nor an imagined fabrication or a completely social construction that can be free from material infrastructures and relations. Instead, it is a never-finished product of an ongoing
process, a social phenomenon; the ethnicity boundaries can be affected by both external (the social relations with other players in the larger society) and internal factors (the ethnic groups’ history, religions, collective memories, etc.) throughout the course of history... the argument of Juteau that ‘the acculturalization, the transmission of material culture and non-material culture of ethnic groups and the production of ethnicity is inseparable from the relation of maintenance of the body, physical, emotional and intellectual (dimension) . . .

https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2159324

#TextNotes

"The Nasserist political system was designed to guide the popular will, not to respond to it. " 这句话真的很准确，而且替换到很多其他国家的政府上也很合适，比如老中。*去引导公众的意愿，而非去回应公众的意愿*

#TextNotes

General Observation of Modern-Day State Failure:

1. States fail within their existing boundaries;

2. There may be few incentives for local actors to help reestablish the old order;

3. There are strong pressures for power to continue to fracture in failed states;

4. State failure is likely to spread beyond the territorial boundaries of a particular state.

#TextNotes

Lukes's three dimensions of power: decision-making power/non-decision-making power/ideological power

#TextNotes

这篇论文虽然一开始读的时候有点吃力，但是读到最后还是挺有意思的。主要探讨的是关于老挝的琅勃拉邦的文化保护问题。

文化保护和怀旧存在一定的关系。作者将怀旧分成了两个种类：第一类是当事人的怀旧，即某个人或者某个群体亲历过这个地方发生过的事情，因此他们现在会产生某种感受。第二类是来自外人的怀旧，也就是那些没有真正经历过当地变迁的人，他们以一种外人的姿态来表达对当地的怀旧之情。我们需要保护这个地方，以建立一种怀旧的氛围。

有趣的一点是，很多当地人并不像来自国外的文化保护官员那样，认为商业化旅游所导致的文化流失是一件非常危险的事情，相反，他们非常欣然看到旅游业的发展和当地人生活水平的提升。

当然也有一些老挝人会对当地的文化流失感到怀旧。例如，之前逃亡出去的人现在回来了，他们会感叹说为什么现在的城市环境和以前相差了那么多。还有一些精英阶层的人也会发出类似的感叹。

因此，尽管琅勃拉邦的文化保护项目被广泛认为是一种西方对于东方的想象，试图建构一种类似乌托邦的托邦，但在关于文化保护和怀旧这两个议题中，仍然存在着各种不同的观点和态度。

（截图是截取了一些觉得有意思的部分）

#TextNotes Multiple nostalgias: the fabric of heritage in Luang Prabang (Lao PDR) - David Berliner Université Libre de Bruxelles

#TextNotes for Authoritarian Rule of Law Legislation, Discourse, and Legitimacy in Singapore

#TextNotes for Authoritarian Rule of Law Legislation, Discourse, and Legitimacy in Singapore

新加坡是"export a version of ‘rule by law’ that serves state power while managing perceptions of legitimacy，" 但是中国连搞出一套rule by law的体系都不可能，合法性更是摇摇欲坠.gif

#TextNotes for Authoritarian Rule of Law Legislation, Discourse, and Legitimacy in Singapore

#TextNotes for Authoritarian Rule of Law Legislation, Discourse, and Legitimacy in Singapore

中国政府可以学一学，找点那种关于民主自由法治的榜单买买水。也不一定要是那种很权威的榜单，因为它们肯定不会接受贿赂。找几个知名度低一点的榜单暗里多塞点钱，实在不行的话自创个榜单也可以。然后，外交部记者会，万一又有记者提问中国的民主自由法治问题，就学李光耀（见下图），把榜单拿出来照着念。反正这个东西，中国政府和记者都不可能相信的，主打的就是敷衍得更漂亮些，而不是八股文式的嘴巴硬。

#TextNotes for Authoritarian Rule of Law Legislation, Discourse, and Legitimacy in Singapore

【自存】新加坡议会通过一项法律的过程

（写字板字丑）

#TextNotes #SGPolitics

最大的恶不是根本的，而是没有根基的，因为没有根基，它就没有界限，于是它能够到达无法思虑的极端并席卷整个世界。

#TextNotes

如果我拒绝去记忆，那我实际上就是准备去干任何事情——正如如果痛苦是一种可以被立即遗忘的经验的话，我就会草率而鲁莽地行事。

#TextNotes

一个知道如何思考的人决不会再次服从和顺从，不是因为一种反叛精神，而是因为那种对一切进行审查的习惯。

#TextNotes

【自存】欧洲选举民调合集

https://www.politico.eu/europe-poll-of-polls/

#TextNotes

#TextNotes

“The truth is, of course, that the government is more than happy for foreigners to comment on and interfere in Singapore politics as they agree with the PAP”

#SGPolitics #TextNotes