A #LFP #battery is a #steel can containing primarily (A) #graphite (synthetic or natural), and (B) #iron #phosphate (which is basically fertilizer). The next largest component is #electrolyte, primarily organic carbonates (a #petrochemical #solvent - on the lower toxicity end as far as solvents go). Next most common are the metal foils (#alumium and #copper). Next is the (#plastic) separator membrane.

In tiny quantities at the bottom of the list? Electrolyte additives and the #lithium itself.

@Timmy While there's lots of #nickel out there, the rate of scaling up battery-grade nickel production is believed to be slower than the capability to scale up #LFP production, hence the expected shift to LFP in the coming years.

So we've now covered the #anode and #cathode. The next greatest bulk comes from the casing (#steel) and the #electrolyte (mainly organic carbonates - a #petrochemical product). After this comes the #alumium and #copper current collector foils, then the...

@Timmy No need to discuss #alumium or #manganese (if you're not familiar with the latter, it's the most common alloying agent in #steel - it's everywhere).

#Cobalt usage has been steadily declining (a couple decades ago it was as high a % as the #nickel), and there's hope it will be entirely eliminated in the coming years - but as for now it's still in use. Cobalt is the most expensive of the metals (offset by its low percentage), which is a major factor driving the work to eliminate it.

@Timmy As the #LFP patents have been expiring, and it uses no nickel, its use has been increasing dramatically (despite giving lower range, and some other disadvantages).

For longer range, one uses, as mentioned, the nickel-based chemistries. These #cathodes are mixed metal oxides, usually in the ballpark of 80% (or higher) nickel, 10% (or lower) #cobalt, and 10% (or lower) #alumium or #manganese.

@tomstoreboe @elonmusk Next on the list are the current collector foils:

* Anode: #copper foil

* Cathode: #alumium foil

Then you have the separator membrane, which is a thin layer of plastic between the cathode and anode in the jelly roll.

Very last on the list are #lithium and the various electrolyte additives.

There is NOTHING worse about the composition of a battery than the various minerals, alloying agents, coatings, etc etc that make up an ICE car.