"Deontological and absolutist moral dilemma judgments convey self-righteousness" in U.S., German-speaking, and British participants (N = 1254).

In the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104505

#ProcessDissociation #DecisionScience #psychMethods #moralPsychology #xPhi

Meta-analysis finds “little reliable evidence linking emotions to differential reliance on heuristics or more evidence-based criteria in voter decision-making.”

https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12819

#decisionScience #JDM #reliability #Psychology #dualProcessTheory https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajps.12819?saml_referrer

The "One, but not the same" results that we detected in English speakers (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-021-01739-5) replicated 6 times in Lithuanian speakers (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105545).

When people read about morally altered people being "different, they [thought] the person [wa]s qualitatively transformed, but numerically intact."

#ExperimentalPhilosophy #xPhi #Philosophy #PhilMind #PersonalIdentity #QuantPsych #DecisionScience #CogSci #psychometrics #Linguistics #CrossCulturalResearch 

Do you expect #kids to learn #math better alone, collaboratively, or competitively?

In a study of 274 1st and 2nd graders, it varied by gender (and not how I would have expected).

Boys performed better after working alone or collaboratively, but didn’t seem to benefit from competition.

On the harder tasks, girls benefitted *only* from competition.

https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13987

#edu #school #teaching #devPsych #numeracy #decisionScience

#Civicbase brings upvoting and downvoting to preference measurement—but with a budget.

Participants can select or agree or disagree buttons (up to 7 times) to allocate a limited voting credits (that carry over to future studies?).

May reveal priorities that Likert scales and ranked-choices cannot.

https://doi.org/10.1002/aaai.12103

Presumably, this could be used for all sorts of preferences (beyond civics/politics).

#measurement #PsychMethods #openSource #decisionScience #poliSci #cogSci #gamification

I have updated my post on human decision making (with an eye on AI). The title now became 10+1 books on human decision making. #machinelearning #ai #statistics #llm #decisionscience https://medium.com/@sanne.de.roever/8-1-books-on-human-decision-making-3dad1f2d18e5

Were base rate fallacies more or less likely when people were reading in a foreign language?

Not among a couple hundred European Portuguese bilinguals, regardless of whether the emotional salience of the lure was exaggerated.

Master’s thesis: https://hdl.handle.net/1822/86018

#JDM #logic #probability #decisionScience #language #ESL #replication

How might “None of the above” response options impact test performance?
(1) It didn’t seem to impact performance or confidence on individual items.
(2) However, the NOTA option did seem to reduce overall confidence. 
(3) Also, students preferred choices without a NOTA option (68%). Few preferred the NOTA option (12%).

https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11080157

#edu #teaching #assessment #decisionScience #epistemology 

Which do you think would better predict stability in political attitudes over time: the strength of commitment to one’s party or the strength of one’s commitment to ideology?

It may depend on country: 
- Ideology strength predicted attitude stability (over 1 year) in the US
- Party strength predicted attitude stability (over 6 months) in the Netherlands 

https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672231189015

#CrossCultural #Longitudinal #Politics #psychology #decisionScience 

🚨 Free book alert!

Reason and Less: Pursuing Food, Sex, and Politics via #MITpress: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12811.001.0001

Dr. Goel follows arguments and evidence from multiple fields in cognitive science to some challenging conclusions about common beliefs. An #openAccess gem!

#neuroscience #psychology #cogSci #epistemology #decisionScience #xPhi #politics #religion #diet

Will high school students' reflection test performance predict the reasoning preferences and habits it does in adults?

Rizek and Toplak report "patterns of correlations are generally consistent with what has been reported in adult samples" in a sample of over 300 9th through 12 graders from North America:  

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003009351-20

#DecisionScience #DevPsych #Psychology #Replicability

Errors in medical decisions are well-known. Can micro consultations help doctors overcome? 

Risk assessments were improved by showing clinicians the average risk assessment of 4 peer clinicians (compared to clinicians who assessed risk without peer information). Importantly, the least accurate clinicians improving most and the most accurate clinicians were not affected. N ≅ 3000 clinicians, 84 trials

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108290120

#medicine #decisionScience #rationality #epistemology #xPhi

Harvard professor accused of research fraud files defamation lawsuit against university, academics https://www.ethicalpsychology.com/2023/08/harvard-professor-accused-of-research.html #decisionscience #Allegations #research #Harvard #Lawsuit #Ethics

Can the civic and rational benefits of discussion and argument mapping be combined? 

Platforms like BCause and Kialo attempt to find out. 

Here's a recent conference paper about the former: https://aclanthology.org/2023.sicon-1.5

#CriticalThinking #CogSci #Rationality #DecisionScience #xPhi #Logic #polarization

If tiny manipulations to a survey won’t get people thinking more reflectively, what will?

Three 15-minute online critical thinking video lessons improved performance on reflection tests and other quantitative measures of reasoning ability (N ≅ 150 Prolific workers) .

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101362

#CogSci #Epistemology #edu #Philosophy #xPhi #DecisionScience

What else does cognitive reflection test performance correlate with?

Detection of coding errors, apparently: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE-SEET58685.2023.00006

#ComputerScience #CriticalThinking #Coding #CS #software #DecisionScience #CogSci #Epistemology

How can we help people recall alternative views?

Teaching medical students a pro-con-missing-and-rank reflection protocol and then having them teach it to an imaginary stranger (on video) helped students better remember alternative diagnoses (besides their initial diagnosis).

Bonus: just telling people that a task was difficult also helped among participants who didn’t learn and teach the reflection exercise.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2023.2229504

#DecisionScience #edu #teaching #medicine #CriticalThinking

More insight from Samantha Kleinberg and colleagues:

Causal diagrams also improved accuracy more if they
- included decision-relevant causal info
- neither included nor drew attention to decision-IRrelevant info

That suggests ways to use causal diagrams more effectively!

https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10279840

#decisionScience #PhilSci #edu #CriticalThinking #SciComm

🤔 "causal information at decision time can lead to less accurate choices in domains that relate to existing knowledge".

Possible explanations: (a) fluency effect or (b) expertise reversal effect.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-020-0206-z

#PhilosophyOfScience #PhilSci #xPhi #Epistemology #Causation #DecisionScience #cogSci

Catarina Dutiful Novaes' 2023 Aristotelean Society paper asks whether John Stuart Mill is right that arguments change minds for the better.

Novaes proposes a “three-tiered model” of conditions that partially determine whether this happens.

So Mill is partially vindicated by the model: “engaging with dissenters may allow for the correction of errors” under certain necessary (but not sufficient) conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aoad006

#philosophy #epistemology #decisionScience #religion #politics