Hunga-Tonga - a Volcanic Eruption That Alarmed Scientists

https://www.dw.com/en/hunga-tonga-a-volcanic-eruption-that-alarmed-scientists/a-66631828?maca=en-dipa_news_mstdn-34613-xml-mrss

#tomorrowtoday #volcanoes #eruptions #HungaTonga #HungaHa'apai #Villarrica #Eifel #magma #carbondioxide #PhlegraeanFields #Vesuvius

With all these unusual #heatwaves, has anyone revisited stats for recent #volcanic #eruptions? The most explosive ones from the last 5 years? It’s a genuine question, because as #volcanoes expel material into the atmosphere, those particles may filter the sun and influence weather, etc. #noaa #usgs

Voici un exemple de page en cours de réalisation. Il s'agit d'une actu scientifique présentant une étude très intéressante de datation des #éruptions volcaniques par l'étude des #éclipses de Lune 🌔 ! Les auteurs ont étudié des #manuscrits 📜 du #Moyenage pour déterminer la luminosité des éclipses lunaires. Les éclipses particulièrement sombres indiquent la présence d'aérosols dans la stratosphère, généralement causée par une éruption.

La production du deuxième numéro de kīpuka (à paraître fin juin) avance bien ! Le contenu est presque entièrement écrit – on attend quand même les #éruptions des deux prochaines semaines pour boucler l'actu éruptive 😅 ! La recherche d'illustrations est également presque terminée. Maintenant place à la mise en page, toujours faite grâce au super #logiciellibre Scribus : https://www.scribus.net/

@tanweerdar
There was a time when he
Didn’t have the will nor the
Power to contain his #eruptions
Of temper because he was too
Impatient for this life, and
Everything moved too slowly
For him, when what he wanted
He wanted now.

Life still drags, even in this final
Quarter, and he still wishes it
Would hurry up so he could get
Some rest without feeling guilty,
But he no longer has the energy
To rail against things as they are
Now and always will be and
Always were.
#MastoPrompt #Poetry

Au sommaire du numéro 1 de kīpuka : 1/ l’#actualité éruptive du premier trimestre 2023. Le réveil du #Kīlauea, avec un beau lac de #lave perché ; les nuées ardentes du #Merapi ; les questions des scientifiques islandais sur la fonte précoce de la glace de l’#Askja ; plusieurs #éruptions sous-marines ayant donné lieu à de belles images satellite. Ici le #Nishinoshima, dont l’activité sous-marine produit une décoloration de l’eau de mer (contient des données Copernicus Sentinel modifiées, 2023).

#Geology Question of the day: Why do #geologists expect to see increasing chloride content in surface waters around pending magmatic #eruptions. I did not immediately know the answer to this.

The average chlorine content of basalts is only 0.014%.

A large fraction occurs in hydroxyl minerals such as biotite and hornblende; These minerals may contain several tenths of a per cent of chlorine. Some chlorine is also present as chloride in liquid (aqueous) inclusions.

Chlorine does not show any marked trend in the differentiation of the common igneous rocks. Since it is an element of well-developed atmophilic and hydrophilic characteristics, a general lack of correlation between chlorine and the major and minor constituents of rocks is not unexpected; an appreciable, perhaps large, fraction of the chlorine in a magma escapes on crystallization.

Few elements (compared to chlorine) have siderophilic, lithophilic, hydrophilic, and atmophilic properties all developed in comparable degree.

A very good explanation of the Volcanic Explosivity Index, the tool that volcanologists and other scientists use to measure and compare explosive volcanic eruptions.

#volcanoes #eruptions #measurement #VolcanicExplosivityIndex #geology

https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/volcanic-explosivity-index-a-tool-comparing-sizes-explosive-volcanic

But here's the thing: volcanoes spend most of their time not erupting. When they do erupt, they often don't kill anyone. On average, there were about 40 volcanoes on earth spewing lava or ash at any single moment in time. They don't usually make headlines because they're merely obeying the laws of thermodynamics, not melting people.

–Super Volcanoes by Robin Andrews

#Volcanoes #TheEarth #Geology #Eruptions #NaturalDisasters #Lava #Ash

#Coronal Mass Ejections (#CME), which are #solar #eruptions from the #Sun, can send plasma hurtling towards Earth at high speeds. These #space #storms can cause severe disruptions to power #grids and #communication systems.
#ArtificialIntelligence #AI #SpaceWeather #sflorg
https://www.sflorg.com/2023/01/sw01272301.html

'Major volcanic #eruptions typically cool the planet temporarily, because, until they dissipate, sulphur dioxide particles reflect sunlight away from the planet. However, the study finds that the #Tonga eruption in the south Pacific expelled an unprecedented amount of #water into the atmosphere.'

https://www.carbonbrief.org/tonga-volcano-eruption-raises-imminent-risk-of-temporary-1-5c-breach/

One of the biggest myths out there about volcanoes on Earth is that, for some reason, #eruptions are increasing. They're not! In fact, the number of erupting #volcanoes each year is remarkably steady. If anyone ever tells you otherwise, point them this way:

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/volcanic-activity-isnt-increasing-across-the-planet

#volcano #science

No, volcanoes aren't erupting more often. Tools for observing eruptions are just getting better.

' Eruptions larger than VEI 2 are nearly flat while eruptions that are VEI 0-1 have a clear [increase] since 1960. The best explanation for this is we have just been able to document more of these small eruptions.... but the total number of eruptions is not increasing.'

H/T: Vicky Veritas

#volcanoes #eruptions #geology

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/volcanic-activity-isnt-increasing-across-the-planet

2022 is coming to a close. We had a lot of news-worthy volcanic eruptions ... but does that mean that volcanic activity is on the increase? Not at all. I take a look at why it might seem that way: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/volcanic-activity-isnt-increasing-across-the-planet #volcano #eruptions #science #geology #earthscience

"The January 15 [Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai] eruption was so explosive that it injected water vapor so high that it touched space, a first-of-its-kind observation for an earthly volcano. And the event produced the greatest concentration of lightning ever detected — making it far flashier than the 2018 eruption of Krakatau in Indonesia or the 2021 tornado outbreak across the U.S. South."

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/hunga-tonga-volcano-eruption-touched-space-lightning

#Volcanoes #Eruptions

The article also features a beautiful image of Orion’s sword made from Spitzer, Herschel and WISE data by the inestimable Robert Hurt. This region is also known as the integral shaped filament and contains the Orion Nebula Cluster. Thanks to Pat Brennan for writing this great article. The goofy quotes are my responsibility. The papers on the protostar outbursts can be found at https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...800L...5S/abstract and https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ApJ...924L..23Z/abstract. #protostars, #orion, #spitzer, #herschel, #outbursts, #eruptions.

8. "What #mineral, produced by #subglacial #eruptions and spread via #aeolian distribution, is a problem for farmers in #Iceland, and why?"

#ChatGPT3 #GPT3 failed this (admittedly difficult) question (the answer is allophane, which binds phosphorus and other minerals, water, and reduces soil cohesion).

RT @simoncarn
Following the great tradition of #Icelandic #eruptions, there is now a #livestream of the #MaunaLoa #eruption from a webcam on Mauna Kea. #MaunaLoaErupts #MaunaLoaVolcano #MaunaLoaEruption #Hawaii
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so_qJJsjbaM

Following the great tradition of #Icelandic #eruptions, there is now a #livestream of the #MaunaLoa #eruption from a webcam on Mauna Kea. #MaunaLoaErupts #MaunaLoaVolcano #MaunaLoaEruption #Hawaii
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so_qJJsjbaM

Effect of #ENSO on global T anomaly…. Playing with wavelet cross analysis and the latest #NOAA #SST and global #temperature data… While long-term #global T anomaly is associated with increasing #RF (e.g. #GHG etc.), short-term/yearly variation is thought to be dominated by #ENSO and #volcanic #eruptions. The wavelet cross spectrum nicely shows that #ENSO is a key player for modulating global T. Interestingly, every 2nd to 3rd #El-Nino event or so seems to be significantly above normal (13 y peak) and coincides with the warmest years on record (1972/73, 1983, 1998, 2016). After each of these #extreme El-Nino events there was a significant slowing of global #T increase (incl. many #La-Nina years – this also includes the temperature #hiatus period after 1998 and more recently stagnating Ts since 2016).