#Algorithms #FraudDetection #Fraud #Surveillance #Welfare #FraudPrediction #Netherlands: "Rotterdam’s fraud prediction system takes 315 inputs, including age, gender, language skills, neighbourhood, marital status and a range of subjective case worker assessments, to generate a risk score between 0 and 1. Between 2017 and 2021, officials used the risk scores generated by the model to rank every benefit recipient in the city on a list, with the top decile referred for investigation. While the exact number varied from year to year, on average, the top 1,000 “riskiest” recipients were selected for investigation. The system relies on the broad legal leeway authorities granted in the Netherlands in the name of fighting welfare fraud, including the ability to process and profile welfare recipients based on sensitive characteristics that would otherwise be protected.

It became clear that the system discriminates based on ethnicity, age, gender, and parenthood. It also revealed evidence of fundamental flaws that made the system both inaccurate and unfair."

https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/suspicion-machines/