@jetton for anyone else who finds themselves furrowing their brows at the word #cytogenetics ,
here’s a full (unsolicited) rundown from #sciencedirect :

What is cytogenetics?
Cytogenetics is the oldest and most basic technique used to perform #cytogenomic studies. It is far from being outdated and offers unique possibilities to approach the whole genome of a given species at once; cytogenetics takes advantage of the possibility of making a genome visible to the human eye under a microscopic lens (Liehr, 2020, 2021a, 2021b).
Cytogenetics is defined slightly differently, according to the following three references:
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Cytogenetics is “the study of chromosomes, which are long strands of DNA and protein that contain most of the genetic information in a cell. Cytogenetics involves testing samples of tissue, blood, or bone marrow in a laboratory to look for changes in chromosomes, including broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes. Changes in certain chromosomes may be a sign of a #geneticdisease or condition or some types of #cancer . Cytogenetics may be used to help diagnose a disease or condition, plan treatment, or find out how well treatment is working” (Cytogenetics - #CancerDictionary 2020).
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“Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics but is also a part of #cellbiology /#cytology (a subdivision of #humananatomy ), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to #cellbehavior , particularly to their behavior during mitosis and meiosis. Techniques used include #karyotyping , analysis of G-banded chromosomes and other #cytogenetic banding techniques” (Cytogenetics - Wikipedia, 2020).
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Cytogenetics is “the branch of #genetics that is concerned primarily in cellular components, especially chromosomes, in relation to #heredity , #geneticanomalies , and #pathologicconditions . It is the branch of genetics that deal at the cellular level” (Cytogenetics - #BiologyOnline , 2020).
Thus, cytogenetics, as discussed here, is about studying chromosomes by the classical methods outlined later. It is single-cell oriented, and studies chromosomes for research and #diagnostic purposes. In research, it provides basic information about genomes, including necessary insights into chromosome numbers, shape, and structures, like telomeres, centromeres, chromosome-arms, or banding pattern. In addition, it is of interest that mitotic as well as meiotic chromosomes can be accessed. Overall, cytogenetics is the “entry method,” in case genetic diagnostics is required in pre-, postnatal, or #leukemia diagnostics, but also in studies on #karyotypes and genomes in #evolutionresearch (#Liehr , 2020).
#cytogenecist #cytogeneticists #diagnostics #cellbehaviour #cancerresearch #oncologist #molecularhemopathology #oncology #MultipleMyeloma #genomemaps #geneticmapping #linkagemaps #cytogeneticmapping #rflp #vntr #meded #humanchromosomes