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White Buffalo Calf Woman (Ptesan-Wi) is a supernatural entity of the Sioux religion, who serves as an intermediary between Wakan Tanka (Great Mystery or Great Spirit) and the people. worldhistory.org/article/2277/

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While granulated sugar was produced in India as early as the 6th century BCE, its usage for a long time remained limited to royalty or ceremonial purposes. worldhistory.org/review/381/th

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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and natural philosopher. worldhistory.org/Galileo_Galil

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The War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814), known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, was the penultimate conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). The Sixth Coalition, which included Russia, Austria, Prussia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, and several German states, defeated the First French Empire and drove Napoleon into exile on the island of Elba. worldhistory.org/War_of_the_Si

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Catherine II of Russia (Catherine the Great) was empress regent of Russia from 1762-1796. worldhistory.org/Catherine_the

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The Quaestor ("the one who asks questions") was the oldest and lowest office on the cursus honorum, or "path of honor" in ancient Rome. worldhistory.org/Quaestor/

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Alchemy is an ancient practice aimed at recreating precious substances using recipes and transformative materials such as the philosopher's stone. worldhistory.org/Alchemy/

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Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, also known as the Second Polish War or, in Russia, as the Patriotic War of 1812, was a campaign undertaken by French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and his 615,000-man Grande Armée against the Russian Empire. worldhistory.org/Napoleon's_In

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The French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) were a series of conflicts that arose from the tensions surrounding the French Revolution (1789-1799). The wars were fought between Revolutionary France and several European powers, most notably Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, and Great Britain. worldhistory.org/French_Revolu

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The Plains Indians (also known as Native Americans of the Plains and Prairie, Indigenous Peoples of the Great Plains) are the original inhabitants of the western plains of North America, now part of the United States and Canada. worldhistory.org/Plains_Indian

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Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) was the most celebrated anatomist in Europe during the 16th century and a key figure of the Scientific Revolution. worldhistory.org/Andreas_Vesal

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The Doge's Palace, or Palazzo Ducale, in Venice, Italy, was the seat of power of one of the world's most powerful city-states, as the Venetian Republic dominated the Mediterranean for centuries. worldhistory.org/article/2273/

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“No Roman or Carthaginian could have dreamed in 264 that their states were about to embark on a twenty-four-year struggle which would involve huge casualties, still less that it would be the first of three wars between the two peoples” (65). It is against this backdrop that the historian Adrian Goldsworthy sets his thoughtful, well-documented analysis of the Punic Wars, the multigenerational co... worldhistory.org/review/379/th

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Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) was a German astronomer and mathematician most famous for creating what was up to that point the most accurate model of planetary astronomy with his three laws of planetary motion. worldhistory.org/Johannes_Kepl

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The Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) was a major battle fought during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. worldhistory.org/article/2274/

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The Astrolabe is an astronomical instrument used from around the 6th century to measure time and position by determining the altitude of heavenly bodies like the Sun and certain stars. worldhistory.org/Astrolabe/

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Herod's Harbor was a giant port built between 22 and 15 BCE by Herod the Great (r. 37-4 BCE), Rome's client king. worldhistory.org/article/2269/

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Eckart Frahm's Assyria: The Rise and Fall of the World's First Empire is a remarkable scholarly work and a masterful exploration of one of the most intriguing and influential civilizations of the ancient world. worldhistory.org/review/380/as

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The thermometer was invented in the mid-17th century during the Scientific Revolution when scientists began to search for an accurate instrument to measure a wide range of temperatures using a scale that could be compared with other readings taken by other scientists elsewhere. worldhistory.org/article/2275/

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The Sioux are a native North American nation who inhabited the Great Plains region of, roughly, modern Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. worldhistory.org/Sioux/

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