I'm in a mood and desire to get back into #philosophy

Any recommendations for modern #anarchist #leftist #technology #transhumanist #Marxist #egoism #nature #antifascist #history #historyofideas #epicurean #nuclear #ageofinformation #internet #Christianity #Atheist #computersciene

Books? I'd really like a modern take on egoism that isn't saturated in fascist/libertarian thought because I personally think it makes more sense in a leftist context than individualist mythos

“The virtue of discretion.” Daston 2023. #AeonMag. https://aeon.co/essays/discretion-is-hard-to-live-with-even-harder-to-live-without

#Discretion #DecisionMaking #Philosophy #IntellectualHistory #HistoryOfThought #HistoryOfIdeas

"Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past. The tradition of all dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brains of the living." - Karl Marx (The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte; 1952).

"The difficulty lies, not in the new ideas, but in escaping the old ones, which ramify, for those brought up as most of us have been, into every corner of our minds." - John Maynard Keynes (The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money; 1936).

"Tradition is the living faith of the dead; traditionalism is the dead faith of the living." - Jarsolav Pelikan (The Vindication of Tradition; 1983)

Is there a term/phrase that's been coined for such similar statements/ideas that have emerged at different times from thinkers in completely different fields of inquiry? Other than "convergent evolution [of ideas]" is there a better phrase? Any neologism is welcome!

(I am assuming one hasn't read or been directly influenced by the other. In the above example, Keynes famously said he had read no Marx.)

#HistoryOfIdeas

As a followup to my #introduction, I'm presenting you some of my work from the last years in the field of #HistoryOfIDeas and #GameStudies: 
Next will my paper:
”Commander Kurz. A Short Essay on Videoludic Heroes and Political Strongmen” in: Beat Suter, René Bauer, Mela Kocher (eds.), Narrative Mechanics Strategies and Meanings in Games and Real Life, Bielefeld: Transcript 2021, 351-354.

https://www.transcript-verlag.de/author/pfister-eugen-320007721/

#GameStudies

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

Coda:

We see even in this coarse reading, establishing the role of IT cortex in object recognition and processing was nearly a six-decade culmination of work by multiple researchers working on the anatomy, physiology, theory and behavior.

Large parts of what I have written is from Society for Neuroscience’s “The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography” of Charlie Gross:
https://www.sfn.org/-/media/SfN/Documents/TheHistoryofNeuroscience/Volume-6/c4.pdf

I highly recommend to students and neuroscientists alike to make use of this excellent resource that SfN has to offer:
https://www.sfn.org/about/history-of-neuroscience/autobiographical-chapters

10/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

Yasushi Miyashita and his group in Tokyo around the late 80s furthered the short-term pictorial memory in IT and how they relate to long term associational memory.

Justine Sergent at McGill in the early 90s showed the first evidence of a dedicated face processing region in the ventral stream, which Nancy Kanwisher later clearly established in the mid to late 90s for its domain specificity and calling it the Fusiform Face Area (FFA). Nancy also identified another region that was dedicated exclusively to places/scenes, Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA)

9/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

Mort Mishkin and the Gross gang during the same period showed IT cortex receives inputs from the striate cortices, thus establishing the ventral stream visual pathway. In the early 80s, a plethora of what were then hard to synthesize/reconcile studies of different brain areas were synthesized by Mort Mishkin and the great Leslie Ungerleider, into what we now know as the famous the dual visual (dorsal and ventral stream) pathways for visual recognition.
8/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

In the 1980s, much of the work on extra striate cortex, and IT was driven by Charlie's lab and his protégés, especially Bob Desimone, Tom Albright, and later Earl Miller, John Duncan. Their work further established IT neurons were selective to particular classes of objects, attention related effects, as well as suppression of activity by repeated presentation (including a sort of short-term memory).

7/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

Charlie Gross then moved to Princeton in the 1970s. Bob Desimone (my mentor), and Tom Albright joined as some of his first grad students. The inimitable Eric Schwartz joined them as a postdoc for a couple years. The Gross lab in the mid to late 1970s established systematically that IT neurons responded to complex visual inputs, their overall shapes, and thus objects rather than to individual features like orientations, or color, or simple curvature. This led to the funny and famous story of the "toilet-brush" neurons. The toilet-brush neurons also responded to “hand” cells that Charlie had earlier identified, so the “fingers” in the two were the commonality. This led them to come up with the idea of Fourier shape descriptors to suggest how the brain builds the "it" from the "bits" (a forerunner to all the modern linear combination of activities to give an output response, including the currently in-vogue deepnet models).

6/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

In the middle to late 1960s, then at MIT, George Gerstein, and a dashing young Charlie Gross (my intellectual grandfather), inspired by single neuron recordings of Hubel and Wiesel, and the work of Pribram and Mishkin, stuck microelectrodes in IT cortex of awake monkeys and showed that they responded to visual stimuli. This was the first demonstration of neurons being active for visual inputs far away from the striate areas!

Later Peter Schiller joined them in the experiments. They also showed these neurons were involved in attentional mechanisms. The input stimuli, however were still rudimentary and not resembling anything “object” like: diffused light, orientation, movement etc., And then by happenstance, Charlie found "face" and "hand" cells (much like how Hubel and Wiesel found orientation cells by complete accident, slipping of the image on the projector)!

5/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

The great Karl Pribram (at Stanford) and Mortimer Mishkin (at NIH) towards the end of the 1960s performed focalized lesions in macaques in only the IT cortex (instead of the entire MTL as reported in Klüver-Bucy). In their experiments, they observed that such lesions only led to deficits in visual processing, and learning!

4/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

While neurosurgeons were working with patients and characterizing the syndrome, there was a short interregnum in the world of visual neuroscience, thanks to the groundbreaking work (dare I say, paradigmatic leap) from David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel with their experiments in the striate cortex (V1, V2) and LGN.

3/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

Heinrich Klüver in the 1930s wanted to study the effects of mescaline(!) in macaques after bilateral temporal lobectomy. Paul Bucy, a neurosurgeon performed the surgery and experiments. However, Bucy did not observe any of the hypothesized effects of mescaline and instead discovered that the animal had significant impairment/abnormalities. These broadly included: subdued/docile emotional expressions, adverse sexual behavior, dietary changes, utilization behaviors, increased tendency to use the mouth for exploring the world, and finally, but most importantly for our story, difficulties in visual learning and agnosia!

In the 1950s, neuroscientists and surgeons documented and confirmed similar behaviors in humans who had temporal lobectomy. Today, we know this as the famous/eponymous Klüver-Bucy syndrome due to bilateral lesions (or tumors) of the medial temporal lobe (MTL).

2/10

#OldNeuroPapers #neuroscience #HistoryOfIdeas #ITcortex #ObjectRecognition

Everyone in neuroscience has heard of the famous story of patient HM. The bilateral medial temporal lobectomy performed on him (in 1953) resecting most of his hippocampi to cure epilepsy, but led to him having anterograde amnesia. This observation directly implicated hippocampus as necessary for memory formation, thus kickstarting an entire field.

How did we arrive at the inferotemporal cortex (IT) as the region involved in object processing/recognition? The history of IT is even longer, not as straightforward as that of hippocampus, and in fact was a multi-decade culmination.

Here’s a shortish compressed history of how IT became the center of visual object recognition in ten toots!

1/10

As a followup to my #introduction, I'm presenting you some of my work from the last years in the field of #HistoryOfIDeas and #GameStudies:

Next will my paper:
” ‘We’re not murderers. We just survive. The Ideological Function of Game Mechanics in Zombie Games” in: Beat Suter, René Bauer, Mela Kocher (eds.), Narrative Mechanics Strategies and Meanings in Games and Real Life, Bielefeld: Transcript 2021, 231-246. [open access]

which can be found here: https://www.transcript-verlag.de/author/pfister-eugen-320007721/

#GameStudies

As a followup to my #introduction, I'm presenting you some of my work from the last years in the field of #HistoryOfIDeas and #GameStudies:

Next will be the introduction written by Tobias Winnerling, @Felix_Felixson and myself for the Gamevironments Special Issue on Democracy in Games

"Democracy Dies playfully. Three Questions – Introductory Thoughts on the Papers Assembled and Beyond"

#GameStudies
https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/4603

As a followup to my #introduction, I'm presenting you some of my work from the last years in the field of #HistoryOfIDeas and #GameStudies:

Next will be my review of Kingdom Come: Deliverance for a special issue of Gamevironments on nationalism edited by Lisa Kienzl and Kathrin Trattner:

"Kingdom Come: Deliverance. A Bohemian Forest Simulator"

#GameStudies #MemoryCulture

https://journals.suub.uni-bremen.de/index.php/gamevironments/article/view/109/95

As a followup to my #introduction, I'm presenting you some of my work from the last years in the field of #HistoryOfIDeas and #GameStudies:

Next will be one of my favourite papers on imaginations of piracy in digital games combining research from my master thesis on the buccaneers of the Caribbean and #GameStudies #MemoryCulture

http://interamerica.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/pfister.pdf

As a followup to my #introduction, I want to use this opportunity to present you some of my work from the last years in the field of #HistoryOfIDeas and #GameStudies:

Beginning with this essay from 2018 on imaginations of the Shoa in digital games #PublicHistory #MemoryCulture

https://public-history-weekly.degruyter.com/6-2018-23/shoah-in-digital-games/

How conventional ideas about capitalism, war-making and much more have held sway in our world is the subject of an excellent history of =The Economist=.#liberalism #liberalisme #HistoryofIdeas #intellectualhistory My thumbnail review: https://www.goodreads.com/review/show/3102574477?book_show_action=false&from_review_page=1