Check out Janine’s new paper on TMS multi-pulse I-wave independent short-interval intracortical facilitating in press in JNeurophysiol by Hartwig Siebner, Mitsuaki Takemi, Anke Karabanov and Lasse Christiansen.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00263.2022

Kesselheim et al. find that delivering two or more pulses at interstimulus intervals corresponding to the peaks of individual SICF curves - but also the trough between the 1st and 2nd peak - facilitate MEPs and reduce corticomotor threshold.

TMS bursts facilitate corticomotor excitability via two mechanisms: SICF-dependently via fast-conducting direct projections from M1-HAND to spinal motoneurons and SICF–independently probably through slower conducting indirect pyramidal tract projections.

We argue that an exclusive focus on I-wave periodicity is too narrow when aiming at understanding how TMS excites the precentral motor representations. The role of the I-wave independent facilitation in the control and development of skilled movement deserves more attention.

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